🌱 🦤 🌱

参考资料: https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E8%A3%85%E6%8C%87%E5%8D%97, https://archlinuxstudio.github.io/ArchLinuxTutorial/#/, https://arch.icekylin.online/guide/

镜像下载arch

默认UEFI引导，已使用rufus烧录好arch镜像到U盘，bios设置U盘启动

前言

最早接触Linux或许是MT管理器和Termux(应该称为终端模拟器)了

然后用Termux跑Ubuntu(本质上是把Ubuntu跑在容器里)等发行版

然后wsl(Windows Subsystem for Linux)来了(ms官方虚拟机?)

还有把一些发行版跑在VMware Workstation Pro虚拟机上

最后物理机(12600kf+4060, 12450H+4060) 一步到位

安装arch在移动固态硬盘(200多r的rc20,固态最低价)上

备份策略采取timeshift自动备份根目录

手动使用rsync备份home目录

安装arch系统

连接网络及更改镜像

禁用 reflector 服务

1	systemctl stop reflector.service

编辑镜像文件

1	vim /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

挑选镜像

Server = http://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = http://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinux/$repo/os/$arch

如果是无线网络，则需要通过命令连接WIFE

iwctl # 进入交互式命令行
device list # 列出无线网卡设备名，比如无线网卡看到叫 wlan0
station wlan0 scan # 扫描网络
station wlan0 get-networks # 列出所有 wifi 网络
station wlan0 connect wifi-name # 进行连接，注意这里无法输入中文。回车后输入密码即可
exit # 连接成功后退出

分区

分区大小

sda1     EFI分区 /efi       /dev/nvme0n1p1   1GiB       EFI System
sda2     根目录 /           /dev/nvme0n1p2   99GiB      Linux filesystem
sda3     主目录 /home       /dev/nvme0n1p3   520GiB     Linux filesystem
sda4     交换分区 swap      /dev/nvme0n1p4   32GiB      Linux swap

查看磁盘分区

fdisk -l

新建EFI分区，交换分区，根目录分区，用户主目录

1	cfdisk /dev/sda

格式化根分区

1	mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda2 -L RTL9220_99GIB

格式化home分区

1	mkfs.ext4 /dev/sda3 -L RTL9220_520GIB

格式化EFI系统分区

1	mkfs.fat -F 32 /dev/sda1

格式化交换空间分区

1	mkswap /dev/sda4

挂载根分区

1	mount /dev/sda2 /mnt

挂载EFI系统分区

1	mount --mkdir /dev/sda1 /mnt/boot

挂载home分区

1	mount --mkdir /dev/sda3 /mnt/home

启用交换分区

1	swapon /dev/sda4

复查挂载情况

df -h

复查 Swap 分区挂载情况

free -h

安装必须软件包

安装软件包

1	pacstrap /mnt base linux-zen linux-firmware linux-zen-headers base-devel sudo vim networkmanager bash-completion

fstab 文件

生成 fstab 文件

1	genfstab -U /mnt > /mnt/etc/fstab

复查一下 /mnt/etc/fstab 确保没有错误

1	cat /mnt/etc/fstab

arch-chroot配置

chroot 到新安装的系统

1	arch-chroot /mnt

设置时区

1	ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

对准时间

1	hwclock --systohc

取消掉 en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 和 zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8 前的注释

1	vim /etc/locale.gen

1 2	en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8 zh_CN.UTF-8 UTF-8

生成 locale 信息

1	locale-gen

生成 locale.conf 文件

1	echo 'LANG=en_US.UTF-8' > /etc/locale.conf

主机名

1	echo 'miniarch' > /etc/hostname

设置 root 密码

passwd

新建用户

1	useradd -m admin

设置用户密码

1	passwd admin

添加权限

1	vim /etc/sudoers

1 2	root ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL admin ALL=(ALL:ALL) ALL

安装引导程序

1	pacman -S grub efibootmgr os-prober

取消注释GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false，修改 GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="loglevel=5 nowatchdog nvidia_drm.modeset=1"

1	vim /etc/default/grub

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GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="loglevel=5 nowatchdog nvidia_drm.modeset=1"

GRUB_DISABLE_OS_PROBER=false

将GRUB安装到你的硬盘上

安装引导时添加--removable, 否则装有arch的移动固态硬盘插入新主机不显示引导

1	grub-install --target=x86_64-efi --efi-directory=/boot --bootloader-id=GRUB --removable

生成主配置文件

1	grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

离开

exit

卸载新分区

1	umount -R /mnt

重启

reboot

安装kde桌面

安装前的准备

连接网络

1	sudo systemctl enable --now NetworkManager

如果是无线网络

1 2	nmcli dev wifi list # 显示附近的 Wi-Fi 网络 nmcli dev wifi connect "Wi-Fi名（SSID）" password "网络密码" # 连接指定的无线网络

nmtui

编辑 /etc/profile 文件, 写入export EDITOR='vim'

1	sudo vim /etc/profile

1	export EDITOR='vim'

去掉[multilib]一节中两行的注释, ParallelDownloads 设置成正整数5

1	sudo vim /etc/pacman.conf

ParallelDownloads = 9

[multilib]
Include = /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist

1	sudo pacman -Syu

安装显卡驱动

独显4060

1	sudo pacman -S nvidia-dkms nvidia-settings nvidia-utils lib32-nvidia-utils

R5 4600H 核显 vega6 GCN5.0

1	sudo pacman -S mesa lib32-mesa xf86-video-amdgpu vulkan-radeon lib32-vulkan-radeon

安装kde桌面

1	sudo pacman -S plasma-meta konsole dolphin kate

1	sudo systemctl enable --now sddm

设置中文字体

采用全局是等宽字体的配置，等宽字体为: maple-font

下载好字体后双击安装

打开系统设置文字和字体和区域与语言，设置字体为maple-font

在系统设置里找到登入屏幕(SDDM)设置，点击应用Plasma设置

打开终端设置，新建方案里设置字体为maple-font

12311

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1	sudo systemctl restart sddm

安装输入法

1	sudo pacman -S fcitx5-im fcitx5-rime fcitx5-chinese-addons

添加环境变量，否则输入时字母会上屏

1	sudo vim /etc/environment

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GTK_IM_MODULE=fcitx
QT_IM_MODULE=fcitx
XMODIFIERS=@im=fcitx

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安装蓝牙

1	sudo pacman -S bluez bluez-utils bluez-obex

1	modprobe btusb

1	sudo systemctl enable --now bluetooth

设置开机自动启用蓝牙设备，编辑/etc/bluetooth/main.conf文件，将AutoEnable和FastConnectable设置为 true 即可

1	sudo vim /etc/bluetooth/main.conf

1 2	AutoEnable=true FastConnectable = true

手动连接蓝牙设备

bluetoothctl
power on
agent on
default-agent
scan on

1	pair 相应的MAC地址

1	trust 相应的MAC地址

1	connect 相应的MAC地址

exit

添加非官方源

1	sudo vim /etc/pacman.conf

添加非官方源

[archlinuxcn]
SigLevel = Optional TrustedOnly
Server = https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/archlinuxcn/$arch
Server = https://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinuxcn/$arch

更新并导入archlinuxcn-keyring

1	sudo pacman -Sy archlinuxcn-keyring

安装yay

1	sudo pacman -S yay

添加localhost

不添加的话，搭建webdav服务器时可能因未设置localhost报错

1	sudo vim /etc/hosts

1 2	127.0.0.1 localhost ::1 localhost

安装应用

补全包

安装微码

1	sudo pacman -S intel-ucode

1	sudo pacman -S amd-ucode

sudo pacman -S --needed zsh man-db man-pages tldr tree git curl wget npm openssh \
               konsole dolphin kate ark okular kdialog kio-admin plasma-applets-weather-widget-3 lib32-gtk2 \
               ntfs-3g cpupower proxychains-ng tlp tlp-rdw xclip kernel-modules-hook \
               s-tui sysstat iotop nvtop btop smartmontools cpu-x dmidecode \
               zip unzip 7zip unrar-free unarchiver pandoc-cli pandoc-crossref \
               docker docker-compose ollama ollama-cuda python jdk21-openjdk \
               dialog freerdp freerdp2 iproute2 libnotify gnu-netcat \
               timeshift firefox chromium vlc vlc-plugins-all telegram-desktop \
               gamemode lib32-gamemode gamescope mangohud lib32-mangohud \
               wine wine-gecko wine-mono winetricks lutris umu-launcher \
               openmpi openmotif gnuplot tk \
               cowsay figlet toilet

sudo pacman -S --asdeps --needed giflib lib32-giflib libpng lib32-libpng libldap lib32-libldap gnutls lib32-gnutls \
            mpg123 lib32-mpg123 openal lib32-openal v4l-utils lib32-v4l-utils libpulse lib32-libpulse libgpg-error \
            lib32-libgpg-error alsa-plugins lib32-alsa-plugins alsa-lib lib32-alsa-lib libjpeg-turbo lib32-libjpeg-turbo \
            sqlite lib32-sqlite libxcomposite lib32-libxcomposite libxinerama lib32-libgcrypt libgcrypt lib32-libxinerama \
            ncurses lib32-ncurses opencl-icd-loader lib32-opencl-icd-loader libxslt lib32-libxslt libva lib32-libva gtk3 \
            lib32-gtk3 gst-plugins-base-libs lib32-gst-plugins-base-libs \
            ocl-icd lib32-ocl-icd sdl2-compat lib32-sdl2-compat \
            vkd3d lib32-vkd3d vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader

1 2	yay -S zotero wechat-appimage linuxqq \ wps-office-cn wps-office-mui-zh-cn ttf-wps-fonts

1	sudo systemctl enable --now sshd

blog

1	sudo npm install -g hexo@6.3.0

安装vpn

https://github.com/2dust/v2rayN

1743334791745

终端使用代理

终端设置代理

1	vim ~/.bashrc

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export https_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:10809"
export http_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:10809"
export all_proxy="http://127.0.0.1:10809"

或者使用proxychains-ng

1	sudo pacman -S proxychains-ng

1	sudo vim /etc/proxychains.conf

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[ProxyList]
http    127.0.0.1 10809
socks5  127.0.0.1 10808

1 2	git config --global http.proxy http://127.0.0.1:10809 git config --global https.proxy https://127.0.0.1:10809

1 2	git config --global --unset http.proxy git config --global --unset https.proxy

安装常用应用

firefox

1	sudo pacman -S firefox

浏览器扩展需要

1	yay -S vdhcoapp

ms vscode (打便携版)

1	yay -S visual-studio-code-bin

1	sudo pacman -S telegram-desktop

ocr https://github.com/xushengfeng/eSearch/
motrix https://github.com/agalwood/Motrix
微信

1	yay -S wechat-appimage

1	yay -S linuxqq

腾讯会议

1	yay -S wemeet-wayland-screenshare-git

向日葵远程控制

1	yay -S sunloginclient

1	systemctl enable --now runsunloginclient

1	yay -S wps-office-cn wps-office-mui-zh-cn ttf-wps-fonts

文献管理

1	yay -S zotero

系统美化

更换桌面主题

天气挂件

1	sudo pacman -S plasma-applets-weather-widget-3

https://openweathermap.org/city/

grub主题美化

https://www.pling.com/p/1414997
下载好解压

cd sleek

1	sudo cp . /usr/share/grub/themes/sleek -rf

1	sudo vim /etc/default/grub

1	GRUB_THEME="/usr/share/grub/themes/sleek/theme.txt"

1	sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg

终端美化

1	sudo pacman -S zsh

1	sh -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/master/tools/install.sh)"

1	git clone --depth=1 https://github.com/romkatv/powerlevel10k.git "${ZSH_CUSTOM:-$HOME/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/themes/powerlevel10k"

1	vim ~/.zshrc

1	ZSH_THEME="powerlevel10k/powerlevel10k"

1	chsh -s $(which zsh)

1	p10k configure

打开 ~/.p10k.zsh 。在文件顶部附近，您可以看到最重要的参数，它们定义了提示符中显示哪些段。所有常用的提示符段都列在其中。其中一些已启用，另一些则被注释掉了。其中一个是您感兴趣的。

1	vim ~/.p10k.zsh

typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_RIGHT_PROMPT_ELEMENTS=(
  ...
  context  # user@hostname
  ...
)

搜索 context 以在配置中找到列出此提示段特定参数的部分。您应该看到以下几行：

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# Don't show context unless running with privileges or in SSH.
# Tip: Remove the next line to always show context.
typeset -g POWERLEVEL9K_CONTEXT_{DEFAULT,SUDO}_{CONTENT,VISUAL_IDENTIFIER}_EXPANSION=

如果你按照提示删除（或注释掉）最后一行，你就会一直看到提示符中输入 username@hostname 。您可以通过调整附近参数的值，将格式更改为仅 username ，或更改颜色。有大量注释可供您浏览。

zsh插件配置

1	git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting.git ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-syntax-highlighting

1	git clone https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions ${ZSH_CUSTOM:-~/.oh-my-zsh/custom}/plugins/zsh-autosuggestions

1	vim ~/.zshrc

plugins=(
         git
         z
         zsh-syntax-highlighting
         zsh-autosuggestions
)

source $ZSH/oh-my-zsh.sh


bindkey '^ '  forward-word
bindkey ','   autosuggest-accept
export ZSH_AUTOSUGGEST_STRATEGY=(history completion)

系统优化

修改密码错误重试次数

修改为deny = 6
如果超过最大重试次数，则会发生输入正确的密码显示错误

1	sudo vim /etc/security/faillock.conf

缩短关机时间

1	sudo vim /etc/systemd/system.conf

1	DefaultTimeoutStopSec=30s

1	sudo systemctl daemon-reload

1	sudo systemctl edit user@.service

1 2	[Service] TimeoutStopSec=10s

禁用coredump

1	sudo vim /etc/sysctl.d/50-coredump.conf

1	kernel.core_pattern=\|/bin/false

1	sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/50-coredump.conf

关闭baloo

不关闭有时会发生磁盘读取过高

1	sudo balooctl6 suspend

1	sudo balooctl6 disable

1	sudo balooctl6 status

更改cpu频率方案

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/CPU_frequency_scaling

查看cpu频率

1	cat /proc/cpuinfo \| egrep '(processor\|cpu MHz)'

powersave会导致跑不到更高的频率

1 2	performance powersave

1	cat /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor

1	sudo echo performance \| sudo tee /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu*/cpufreq/scaling_governor

这样重启后的修改会消失，使用cpupower

1	sudo pacman -S cpupower

1	sudo vim /etc/default/cpupower

1	governor='performance'

1	sudo systemctl enable --now cpupower.service

合理管理系统

关于python开发环境

https://wiki.archlinuxcn.org/wiki/%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%AE%E9%98%85%E8%AF%BB/%E7%BB%99%E6%96%B0%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%9A%84%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%A6%82%E4%BD%95%E4%B8%8D%E5%8E%BB%E5%BC%84%E5%9D%8F_Arch_Linux_%E7%B3%BB%E7%BB%9F%E7%9A%84%E5%BB%BA%E8%AE%AE#%E4%B8%8D%E8%A6%81%E7%9B%B4%E6%8E%A5_-{}-pip_install

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Python#Virtual_environment

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Python/Virtual_environment

不要直接 pip install
不要默认启用 anaconda 环境
一定在 venv（或类似的虚拟环境）中运行
有时候一些 Python 程序会依赖一些重量级库，如果在 venv 这样的隔离环境中安装，这通常无法与系统上的其它软件良好集成。这种时候，你可以用 python -m venv --system-site-packages 来创建 venv 并在其中安装你需要的软件包。这样创建的 venv 不是与系统环境完全隔离的，venv 之内的 Python 能够导入系统范围安装的包，而系统环境的包则看不到 venv 内的包，因此不会干扰系统软件包正常工作

1	python -m venv --system-site-packages

创建虚拟环境

1	sudo pacman -S python

1	python -m venv env_test

1	source env_test/bin/activate

1	deactivate

例如

1	python3.9 -m venv py39

1	pip install numpy scipy matplotlib py4vasp ase

小心类似make install

pacman 包管理通过统一的方式管理系统软件及其文件，但 make install、ninja install 等安装的文件不受 pacman 管理，且可能与 pacman 管理的文件相冲突。同样，如果需要卸载由这些命令安装的文件，也需要花费一番功夫。

设置Timeshift 快照

1	sudo pacman -S timeshift

1	sudo systemctl enable --now cronie.service

进入tty还原系统

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sudo timeshift --list # 获取快照列表
sudo timeshift --restore --snapshot '20XX-XX-XX_XX-XX-XX' --skip-grub # 选择一个快照进行还原，并跳过 GRUB 安装，一般来说 GRUB 不需要重新安装

若无法进入系统，需要首先设置原来快照存储的位置
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sudo timeshift --restore --snapshot-device /dev/sdbx

延长电池寿命

TLP 作为一款自由开源的高级电源管理工具提供开箱即用的默认配置。同时也可以高度定制化，以满足特定需求

1	sudo pacman -S tlp tlp-rdw

Smartmontools 通过使用自我监控（Self-Monitoring）、分析（Analysis）和报告（Reporting）三种技术（缩写为 S. M. A. R. T 或 SMART）来管理和监控存储硬件

1	sudo pacman -S smartmontools

查看磁盘信息

1 2	sudo smartctl -A /dev/sdx # 硬盘 sudo smartctl -d sat -A /dev/sdx # USB 设备

相关服务设置

sudo systemctl enable tlp.service
sudo systemctl enable NetworkManager-dispatcher.service
sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.service # 屏蔽以下服务以避免冲突，确保 TLP 无线设备的开关选项可以正确运行
sudo systemctl mask systemd-rfkill.socket

安装后，TLP 将在开机时自动启动。为了避免第一次重启系统，可以使用以下命令手动启动

1	sudo tlp start

使用 TLP 显示相关系统信息

sudo tlp-stat -b # 显示电池信息
sudo tlp-stat -d # 显示磁盘信息
sudo tlp-stat -e # 显示 PCI 设备信息
sudo tlp-stat -g # 显示 GPU 信息
sudo tlp-stat -p # 显示 CPU 信息
tlp-stat -s # 显示系统数据信息 / 验证 TLP 服务运行状况

使用conda

1	bash Miniforge3-Linux-x86_64.sh

1	conda init --reverse $SHELL

1	conda config --set auto_activate_base false

1	vim ~/.condarc

1	conda clean -i

1	conda create --no-default-packages --name chem_py39 python=3.9

1	conda install -n chem_py39 numpy scipy matplotlib py4vasp ase

1	conda env list

1	conda remove --name chem_py39 --all

使用docker安装其它常用应用

docker更改存储位置

1	sudo docker info \| grep "Docker Root Dir"

1	docker stop $(docker ps -aq)

1	systemctl stop docker

1	sudo mv /var/lib/docker /$HOME/app/docker -f

1	sudo ln -sf /$HOME/app/docker /var/lib/docker

1	sudo ls -alF /var/lib/

1	sudo docker info \| grep "Docker Root Dir"

1	systemctl start docker

docker部署windows子系统

https://github.com/dockur/windows

https://github.com/winapps-org/winapps/blob/main/docs/docker.md

https://github.com/winapps-org/winapps/tree/main

检查 KVM 支持, 在bios里开启cpu虚拟化

1	grep -E --color=auto 'vmx\|svm\|0xc0f' /proc/cpuinfo

检查内核中是否已包含必要的模块

1	lsmod \| grep ip_tables

1	lsmod \| grep iptable_nat

检查 lsmod | grep ip_tables 和 lsmod | grep iptable_nat 不是空的, 空的运行

1	echo -e "ip_tables\niptable_nat" \| sudo tee /etc/modules-load.d/iptables.conf

1	sudo pacman -S docker docker-compose

1	sudo systemctl enable --now docker.service

开始安装windows

1 2	mkdir windows cd windows

1	vim compose.yaml

name: "win11" # Docker Compose Project Name.
volumes:
  data:
services:
  windows:
    image: ghcr.io/dockur/windows:latest
    container_name: win11 # Created Docker VM Name.
    environment:
      VERSION: "11"
      RAM_SIZE: "4G" # RAM allocated to the Windows VM.
      CPU_CORES: "4" # CPU cores allocated to the Windows VM.
      DISK_SIZE: "39G" # Size of the primary hard disk.
      USERNAME: "admin" # Edit here to set a custom Windows username. The default is 'MyWindowsUser'.
      PASSWORD: "admin" # Edit here to set a password for the Windows user. The default is 'MyWindowsPassword'.
      HOME: "${HOME}" # Set path to Linux user home folder.
    ports:
      - 8006:8006 # Map '8006' on Linux host to '8006' on Windows VM --> For VNC Web Interface @ http://127.0.0.1:8006.
      - 3389:3389/tcp # Map '3389' on Linux host to '3389' on Windows VM --> For Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).
      - 3389:3389/udp # Map '3389' on Linux host to '3389' on Windows VM --> For Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP).
    cap_add:
      - NET_ADMIN  # Add network permission
    stop_grace_period: 120s # Wait 120 seconds before sending SIGTERM when attempting to shut down the Windows VM.
    restart: on-failure # Restart the Windows VM if the exit code indicates an error.
    volumes:
      - data:/storage # Mount volume 'data' to use as Windows 'C:' drive.
      - ${HOME}:/shared # Mount Linux user home directory @ '\\host.lan\Data'.
    devices:
      - /dev/kvm # Enable KVM.
      - /dev/net/tun # Enable tuntap

1	sudo usermod -aG docker admin

1	newgrp docker

1	docker compose --file ~/app/windows/compose.yaml up

安装依赖

1	sudo pacman -Syu --needed -y curl dialog freerdp freerdp2 git iproute2 libnotify gnu-netcat

测试

1	docker compose --file ~/app/windows/compose.yaml start

1	xfreerdp /u:"admin" /p:"admin" /v:127.0.0.1 /dynamic-resolution /clipboard /sound /scale:140

1	cd windows

1	vim windows.sh

1
2
3

#!/bin/bash

xfreerdp /u:"admin" /p:"admin" /v:127.0.0.1 /dynamic-resolution /clipboard /sound /scale:140

1	vim windows.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=Windows
Exec=/home/admin/app/windows/windows.sh %F
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Icon=/home/admin/app/windows/windows.svg
StartupWMClass=Microsoft Windows
Comment=Microsoft Windows RDP Session

下载图标https://github.com/winapps-org/winapps/blob/main/icons/windows.svg

1	cp windows.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/

如果要撤消所有更改并从头开始，请运行以下内容

1	docker compose down --volumes

1	docker compose down --rmi=all --volumes

windows11 config

1	irm https://massgrave.dev/get \| iex

1	reg add "HKCU\Software\Classes\CLSID\{86ca1aa0-34aa-4e8b-a509-50c905bae2a2}\InprocServer32"

regedit, 关闭自动更新

1	计算机\HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\WindowsUpdate\UX\Settings

1	FlightSettingsMaxPauseDays

ollama部署大语言模型

https://github.com/ollama/ollama

https://github.com/ollama/ollama/blob/main/docs/linux.md

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Ollama

https://ollama.com/library/deepseek-r1

1	sudo pacman -S ollama ollama-cuda

1	nvidia-smi

1	sudo systemctl enable --now ollama.service

1	ollama run deepseek-r1:8b

1	ollama run qwen2.5:7b

如何将模型保持在内存中加载或使其立即卸载

1	sudo vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/ollama.service

1 2	[Service] Environment="OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE=8"

1	systemctl daemon-reload

1	systemctl restart ollama

常用命令

ollama list
ollama rm deepseek-r1:1.5b
ollama stop deepseek-r1:1.5b
ollama ps

docker部署gpt_academic

https://github.com/binary-husky/gpt_academic

https://github.com/binary-husky/gpt_academic/wiki/%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE%E9%85%8D%E7%BD%AE%E8%AF%B4%E6%98%8E

https://github.com/binary-husky/gpt_academic/wiki/%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8Ollama%E8%BF%90%E8%A1%8C%E6%9C%AC%E5%9C%B0%E6%A8%A1%E5%9E%8B

1 2	mkdir gpt_academic cd gpt_academic

1	vim docker-compose.yml

采取方案0
修改LLM_MODEL为ollama-deepseek-r1:8b

version: '3'
services:
  gpt_academic_full_capability:
    image: ghcr.io/binary-husky/gpt_academic_with_all_capacity:master
    environment:
      # 请查阅 `config.py`或者 github wiki 以查看所有的配置信息
      API_KEY:                  '  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                        '
      # USE_PROXY:                '  True                                                                       '
      # proxies:                  '  { "http": "http://localhost:10881", "https": "http://localhost:10881", }   '
      LLM_MODEL:                '  ollama-qwen2.5:7b                                                          '
      AVAIL_LLM_MODELS:         '  ["ollama-qwen2.5:7b", "ollama-deepseek-r1:8b", "gpt-3.5-turbo", "gpt-4", "qianfan", "sparkv2", "spark", "chatglm"]       '
      BAIDU_CLOUD_API_KEY :     '  bTUtwEAveBrQipEowUvDwYWq                                                   '
      BAIDU_CLOUD_SECRET_KEY :  '  jqXtLvXiVw6UNdjliATTS61rllG8Iuni                                           '
      XFYUN_APPID:              '  53a8d816                                                                   '
      XFYUN_API_SECRET:         '  MjMxNDQ4NDE4MzM0OSNlNjQ2NTlhMTkx                                           '
      XFYUN_API_KEY:            '  95ccdec285364869d17b33e75ee96447                                           '
      ENABLE_AUDIO:             '  False                                                                      '
      DEFAULT_WORKER_NUM:       '  20                                                                         '
      WEB_PORT:                 '  12345                                                                      '
      ADD_WAIFU:                '  False                                                                      '
      ALIYUN_APPKEY:            '  RxPlZrM88DnAFkZK                                                           '
      THEME:                    '  Chuanhu-Small-and-Beautiful                                                '
      ALIYUN_ACCESSKEY:         '  LTAI5t6BrFUzxRXVGUWnekh1                                                   '
      ALIYUN_SECRET:            '  eHmI20SVWIwQZxCiTD2bGQVspP9i68                                             '
      # LOCAL_MODEL_DEVICE:       '  cuda                                                                       '

    # 加载英伟达显卡运行时
    # runtime: nvidia
    # deploy:
    #     resources:
    #       reservations:
    #         devices:
    #           - driver: nvidia
    #             count: 1
    #             capabilities: [gpu]

    # 「WEB_PORT暴露方法1: 适用于Linux」与宿主的网络融合
    network_mode: "host"

    # 「WEB_PORT暴露方法2: 适用于所有系统」端口映射
    # ports:
    #   - "12345:12345"  # 12345必须与WEB_PORT相互对应

    # 启动容器后，运行main.py主程序
    command: >
      bash -c "python3 -u main.py"

1	docker-compose up

1	docker-compose start

更新docker-compose.yml文件

1	docker-compose up -d

docker部署stirling_pdf

https://docs.stirlingpdf.com/Installation/Docker%20Install

https://github.com/Stirling-Tools/Stirling-PDF/pkgs/container/stirling-pdf

1 2	mkdir stirling_pdf cd stirling_pdf

1	vim docker-compose.yml

version: '3.3'
services:
  stirling-pdf:
    image: ghcr.io/stirling-tools/stirling-pdf:latest
    ports:
      - '8080:8080'
    volumes:
      - ./StirlingPDF/trainingData:/usr/share/tessdata # Required for extra OCR languages
      - ./StirlingPDF/extraConfigs:/configs
      - ./StirlingPDF/customFiles:/customFiles/
      - ./StirlingPDF/logs:/logs/
      - ./StirlingPDF/pipeline:/pipeline/
    environment:
      - DOCKER_ENABLE_SECURITY=false
      - LANGS=zh_GB

1	docker-compose up

关于游戏

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/GameMode

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Gamescope

https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/MangoHud

1	sudo pacman -S gamemode lib32-gamemode gamescope mangohud lib32-mangohud

1	sudo groupadd gamemode

1	sudo gpasswd -a $USER gamemode

1	newgrp gamemode

gamescope 启动拉伸缩放

1	-S stretch

MC

1	sudo pacman -S jdk21-openjdk

wine

1	sudo pacman -S wine wine-gecko wine-mono winetricks

winecfg

复制windows字体

sudo pacman -S --asdeps giflib lib32-giflib libpng lib32-libpng libldap lib32-libldap gnutls lib32-gnutls \
            mpg123 lib32-mpg123 openal lib32-openal v4l-utils lib32-v4l-utils libpulse lib32-libpulse libgpg-error \
            lib32-libgpg-error alsa-plugins lib32-alsa-plugins alsa-lib lib32-alsa-lib libjpeg-turbo lib32-libjpeg-turbo \
            sqlite lib32-sqlite libxcomposite lib32-libxcomposite libxinerama lib32-libgcrypt libgcrypt lib32-libxinerama \
            ncurses lib32-ncurses opencl-icd-loader lib32-opencl-icd-loader libxslt lib32-libxslt libva lib32-libva gtk3 \
            lib32-gtk3 gst-plugins-base-libs lib32-gst-plugins-base-libs \
            ocl-icd lib32-ocl-icd sdl2-compat lib32-sdl2-compat \
            vkd3d lib32-vkd3d vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader

4060显卡驱动

1	sudo pacman -S nvidia-dkms nvidia-settings nvidia-utils lib32-nvidia-utils

禁用 GUI 崩溃对话框

1	sh winetricks nocrashdialog

这样一些游戏就能成功运行了，如图

lutris

https://github.com/lutris/docs/blob/master/WineDependencies.md

https://github.com/lutris/docs/blob/master/InstallingDrivers.md

https://github.com/lutris/lutris

https://github.com/DavidoTek/ProtonUp-Qt

https://github.com/GloriousEggroll/proton-ge-custom

1	sudo pacman -S lutris umu-launcher

下载https://github.com/DavidoTek/ProtonUp-Qt/releases/tag/v2.12.0

1	./ProtonUp-Qt.AppImage

安装GE-Proton

1	sudo pacman -S nvidia-dkms nvidia-settings nvidia-utils lib32-nvidia-utils

sudo pacman -S --asdeps giflib lib32-giflib libpng lib32-libpng libldap lib32-libldap gnutls lib32-gnutls \
            mpg123 lib32-mpg123 openal lib32-openal v4l-utils lib32-v4l-utils libpulse lib32-libpulse libgpg-error \
            lib32-libgpg-error alsa-plugins lib32-alsa-plugins alsa-lib lib32-alsa-lib libjpeg-turbo lib32-libjpeg-turbo \
            sqlite lib32-sqlite libxcomposite lib32-libxcomposite libxinerama lib32-libgcrypt libgcrypt lib32-libxinerama \
            ncurses lib32-ncurses opencl-icd-loader lib32-opencl-icd-loader libxslt lib32-libxslt libva lib32-libva gtk3 \
            lib32-gtk3 gst-plugins-base-libs lib32-gst-plugins-base-libs \
            ocl-icd lib32-ocl-icd sdl2-compat lib32-sdl2-compat \
            vkd3d lib32-vkd3d vulkan-icd-loader lib32-vulkan-icd-loader

先在终端启动

lutris -d

1753713784194

1753713867272

arch linux开始

前言

安装arch系统

连接网络及更改镜像

分区

安装必须软件包

fstab 文件

arch-chroot配置

重启

安装kde桌面

安装前的准备

安装显卡驱动

安装kde桌面

设置中文字体

安装输入法

安装蓝牙

手动连接蓝牙设备

添加非官方源

添加localhost

安装应用

补全包

安装vpn

终端使用代理

安装常用应用

系统美化

更换桌面主题

天气挂件

grub主题美化

终端美化

zsh插件配置

系统优化

修改密码错误重试次数

缩短关机时间

禁用coredump

关闭baloo

更改cpu频率方案

合理管理系统

关于python开发环境

小心类似make install

设置Timeshift 快照

延长电池寿命

使用conda

使用docker安装其它常用应用

docker更改存储位置

docker部署windows子系统

ollama部署大语言模型

docker部署gpt_academic

docker部署stirling_pdf

关于游戏

MC

wine

lutris